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A Review of Current Issues in Geriatric Health Care in India

 The definition of old age is impossible to define because it does not have the same meaning in all societies. People can be considered old if their activities or social roles have changed. Geriatric care in India has received unprecedented attention, which is understandable given the world's experience with global aging. Geriatrics is simply the medical treatment of the elderly.

In India, the elderly face two types of medical problems: communicable and non-communicable diseases. It is estimated that one in every two elderly people in India has at least one chronic disease that necessitates lifelong medication. This is exacerbated by impairment of special sensory functions such as vision and hearing. The elderly face an increased burden of communicable diseases due to a decline in immunity as well as age-related physiologic changes. Tuberculosis (TB) is more common in the elderly than in the younger population.

Geriatrics is a relatively new branch of medicine in India, with most practicing physicians knowing little about the clinical and functional implications of aging. The elderly in India, as well as their caregivers and healthcare providers, accept illness as a normal part of aging. Indeed, healthcare providers frequently have a "negative and mechanistic view" of elderly patients. Condemnatory attitudes, a lack of awareness and knowledge, and the rejection of geriatrics as a legitimate discipline have resulted in inaccessible or poor-quality care.

The main issue in geriatric care is not just the physiological phenomenon that is unavoidable, but also the medical health problems and diseases that specifically affect an individual in old age and necessitate medical management in order to maintain comfortable and healthy aging. Thus, geriatric care in India must address two issues: first, basic health promotion to slow the rate of physiological aging, and second, medical management of diseases and disorders associated with aging. According to reports, a geriatric person takes an average of six prescription drugs concurrently and frequently experiences adverse drug reactions.

Healthcare services should be based on the elderly population's perceived needs. This would entail a comprehensive baseline morbidity survey as well as functional assessments in health areas deemed important to them. This should be converted into a community database to aid in the prioritization of interventions and the allocation of funds. Because 71% of the elderly live in rural areas, geriatric healthcare services must be integrated into primary healthcare. This necessitates specialized training in geriatric medicine for medical officers. Factors such as a lack of transportation and reliance on others to accompany the elderly to a healthcare facility prevent them from accessing available health services.

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